Epilepsy in cats, while less common than in dogs, can still affect many feline companions in the UK. If your cat has been diagnosed with epilepsy, it’s natural to feel worried, but with the right knowledge and care plan, cats with epilepsy can live happy and fulfilling lives.
In this article, we’ll cover the signs and symptoms of epilepsy in cats, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, and how to manage your cat’s condition at home. Our goal is to help you understand how to support your cat and maintain their quality of life.
Contents
What is Epilepsy in Cats?
Epilepsy is a neurological condition that causes cats to experience recurring seizures. These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain. Just like in dogs, seizures in cats can range from mild episodes to more severe convulsions, and they can be frightening to witness.
Epilepsy in cats is generally classified into two types:
Idiopathic epilepsy
This type of epilepsy has no identifiable cause and is thought to be genetic in some cases. It is more common in young to middle-aged cats.
Symptomatic (secondary) epilepsy
This form of epilepsy is triggered by an underlying condition, such as brain tumours, trauma, infections, or metabolic disorders. This type is often seen in older cats or cats with a history of health problems.
Seizures can also be caused by exposure or ingestion to medicinal or recreational drugs, or toxins such as slug pellets or white spirit.
Recognising the Signs of Epilepsy in Cats
Knowing the signs of epilepsy is crucial for early diagnosis and effective management. Seizures in cats can manifest in different ways, so being able to recognise the various types is important when communicating with your vet.
1. Generalised Seizures (Grand Mal)
These are the most dramatic seizures, involving the whole body. During a generalised seizure, your cat may collapse, stiffen, and experience uncontrollable shaking or paddling movements. Their limbs may twitch, and they could lose consciousness or show signs of drooling or defecating involuntarily. These seizures can last from a few seconds to a few minutes.
2. Focal Seizures (Partial Seizures)
Focal seizures are more localised and affect only one part of the brain. You might notice twitching in a single part of your cat’s body, such as the face, legs, or tail. These seizures can cause unusual behaviours like repetitive licking, biting, or snapping at the air. Focal seizures can occasionally develop into generalised seizures.
3. Absence Seizures (Petit Mal)
Less common in cats, absence seizures involve brief moments where your cat may seem "spaced out" or unresponsive. They may stare blankly, blink rapidly, or lose awareness of their surroundings for a few seconds. These episodes are usually very short and may go unnoticed if they happen infrequently.
What to Do if Your Cat Has a Seizure
If your cat experiences a seizure, it can be distressing, but knowing how to react will help keep your cat safe:
Ensure a safe environment
Move objects away that could cause injury if your cat is thrashing or moving uncontrollably. Do not try to hold your cat down, as this could cause injury to both of you. Reduce stimuli by turning off lights, televisions and radios.
Time the seizure
Most seizures last between a few seconds and two minutes. If your cat's seizure lasts longer than five minutes, or if they have multiple seizures in a short period, contact your vet immediately. This could be a medical emergency.
Stay calm and comfort your cat
Once the seizure is over, speak to your cat in a calm, gentle voice. Cats are often disoriented after a seizure and may act confused or anxious. Give them space to recover in a quiet, safe place.
Diagnosing Epilepsy in Cats
If you suspect your cat has epilepsy, it’s essential to seek veterinary attention. Diagnosing epilepsy in cats often requires a combination of tests to rule out other potential causes of seizures.
Your vet will likely recommend the following steps:
Physical examination
Your vet will assess your cat’s overall health and take a detailed history of any seizures or abnormal behaviour.
Blood tests
Blood tests can help identify metabolic disorders, infections, or other health issues that might be causing seizures.
Imaging
Advanced diagnostic imaging, such as MRI or CT scans, may be recommended to look for structural abnormalities in the brain, such as tumours, trauma, or inflammation.
EEG (Electroencephalogram): This test measures electrical activity in the brain and can help confirm a diagnosis of epilepsy.
Treatment Options for Cats with Epilepsy
While epilepsy in cats cannot be cured, it can often be managed effectively with medication and lifestyle changes. Your vet will develop a tailored treatment plan based on your cat’s individual needs and the severity of their condition.
1. Anti-Seizure Medications
The most common approach to managing epilepsy in cats is through anti-seizure medication. Drugs such as phenobarbital or levetiracetam, may be prescribed to help reduce the frequency and intensity of seizures. It’s important to follow your vet’s instructions carefully, as consistent dosing is crucial for managing the condition.
Regular blood tests may be needed to monitor your cat's response to the medication and ensure there are no adverse effects on their liver or kidneys.
2. Managing Underlying Conditions
If your cat’s epilepsy is secondary to another condition, such as a brain tumour or infection, treating the underlying issue may reduce or eliminate seizures. This might involve surgery, antibiotics, or other specific treatments depending on the cause.
Managing Epilepsy in Cats at Home
Caring for a cat with epilepsy requires ongoing attention and patience. Here are some practical tips for managing your cat’s condition at home:
Keep a seizure diary
Document each seizure, noting the date, time, duration, and any unusual behaviour leading up to or following the event. This information is valuable for your vet in adjusting treatment.
Minimise stress
Stress can be a trigger for seizures, so it’s important to keep your cat’s environment calm and predictable. Avoid sudden changes to their routine and provide plenty of places for them to rest and feel safe.
Ensure a safe environment
Make your home safe by removing potential hazards that could harm your cat during a seizure, such as sharp objects or areas where they could fall.
Regular vet check-ups
Frequent visits to the vet will help monitor your cat’s health and the effectiveness of their treatment. Your vet may need to adjust medication or run periodic tests to ensure optimal care.
Key Takeaways for Cat Owners
Epilepsy in cats, while challenging, can be managed with the right approach. By working closely with your vet, monitoring your cat’s symptoms, and providing a safe and stress-free environment, you can help your cat lead a comfortable and fulfilling life despite their condition.
If you think your cat may be showing signs of epilepsy, or if they have already been diagnosed, it’s essential to seek veterinary care promptly. Early diagnosis and a well-managed treatment plan can make all the difference in maintaining your cat’s quality of life.
If your cat's quality of life is suffering, contact our team via 0333 041 8200 or request an appointment.
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