Ataxia in cats is a condition that disrupts a cat's ability to move normally, leading to uncoordinated or wobbly movements that can be concerning for cat owners.
It's not a disease by itself but a sign indicating an underlying issue with the nervous system. Ataxia can arise from various causes, such as injuries, infections, or even genetic conditions.
Fortunately, with the right knowledge and prompt action, you can help your cat manage or recover from ataxia. This article will cover everything you need to know about ataxia in cats, including its causes, symptoms, and the best ways to care for your feline friend.
In this article:
What is Ataxia in Cats?
Ataxia is a condition that causes a lack of coordination and balance in cats, resulting in unsteady movements and difficulty walking straight. It is a sign that something is wrong with the parts of the nervous system responsible for movement and balance.
Depending on which part of the nervous system is affected, ataxia can present in different ways. The three main types of ataxia are cerebellar, vestibular, and sensory, each with its own distinct symptoms and causes, which we will explore in more detail below.
Types of Ataxia in Cats
Cerebellar Ataxia
Cerebellar ataxia occurs when there is a problem with the cerebellum, the part of the brain that controls balance and coordination. Cats with cerebellar ataxia might have jerky or exaggerated movements, tremors, or a wide stance when walking. They may sway side to side and appear unsteady. This type of ataxia can be caused by genetic conditions, brain tumours, infections, or injuries. In kittens, cerebellar ataxia is often seen if the mother was infected with the feline panleukopenia virus during pregnancy, leading to underdevelopment of the cerebellum.
Vestibular Ataxia
Vestibular ataxia is linked to problems within the vestibular system, which includes parts of the inner ear and brain that help control balance. Cats with vestibular ataxia may exhibit symptoms such as head tilting, circling, or falling to one side, and they may seem disoriented or dizzy. Common causes include inner ear infections, head trauma, or inflammation of the vestibular nerve. In some cases, idiopathic vestibular syndrome can occur suddenly without a clear cause, especially in older cats, leading to temporary but alarming symptoms.
Sensory Ataxia
Sensory ataxia is caused by issues affecting the spinal cord or peripheral nerves that transmit sensory information from the body to the brain. Cats with sensory ataxia often display uncoordinated limb movements, a high-stepping gait, and difficulty judging where their feet are. This type of ataxia can be caused by spinal cord injuries, slipped discs, or tumours pressing on nerves. Sensory ataxia can develop slowly and progress if not addressed, making early intervention important for managing the condition.
Common Causes of Ataxia in Cats
Ataxia can be caused by a variety of underlying issues affecting the nervous system. Some common causes include:
Trauma
Injuries such as falls, accidents, or head trauma can damage the nerves or brain, leading to sudden onset of ataxia. Cats that have had a severe fall or hit to the head are especially at risk.
Toxins
Certain substances, such as antifreeze, lead, or some household plants, can be toxic to cats and cause neurological symptoms, including ataxia. Some human medical and recreational drugs can cause ataxia. If you suspect your cat has ingested something toxic, immediate veterinary care is critical, making sure you inform your Vet about anything your pet may have accidentally eaten..
Infections
Infections like feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), or fungal infections can impact the brain or spinal cord, resulting in ataxia. Prompt treatment is important to manage these infections and reduce their impact on the nervous system.
Tumours
Growths in the brain or spinal cord, whether benign or cancerous, can press on nerves and disrupt normal function, causing ataxia. The location and size of the tumour will affect the symptoms and treatment options.
Genetic Disorders
Some cats are born with genetic conditions that predispose them to ataxia. Cerebellar hypoplasia is one such condition, where the cerebellum is underdeveloped, leading to lifelong balance issues.
Symptoms of Ataxia in Cats
The symptoms of ataxia can vary depending on the type and cause, but common signs include:
Unsteady walking or a wobbly gait
Head tilting or turning to one side
Loss of balance or falling over
Abnormal eye movements (nystagmus)
Weakness in the legs
Disorientation or changes in behaviour
Recognising Ataxia at Different Stages
Ataxia can range from mild to severe. In the early stages, a cat might show subtle signs like occasional stumbling or appearing unsteady when jumping or climbing. As the condition progresses, these signs may become more pronounced, with frequent loss of balance, difficulty standing, or a wide-legged stance. Severe ataxia can lead to a complete inability to walk, requiring immediate veterinary attention. Recognising early signs and seeking prompt veterinary care can improve the outcome for cats with ataxia.
Diagnosis of Ataxia in Cats
Diagnosing ataxia involves a comprehensive evaluation by a veterinarian, including a physical examination and a detailed history of your cat's symptoms and recent activities. The vet will assess your cat’s coordination, reflexes, and balance. Diagnostic tests may include blood tests, X-rays, and advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans to identify abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord, or inner ear. In some cases, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid may be taken to check for infections or inflammation affecting the nervous system.
Accurate diagnosis is essential to determine the best treatment plan for your cat.
Treatment Options for Ataxia in Cats
Medical Treatments
The treatment for ataxia in cats depends on the underlying cause. If an infection is the culprit, antibiotics or antiviral medications may be prescribed. For inflammatory conditions, steroids or other anti-inflammatory drugs might be used. In cases involving tumours or severe spinal issues, surgery may be necessary to remove the growth or relieve pressure on the nerves. Physical therapy can also help improve mobility and strength, particularly if muscle weakness has developed due to ataxia.
Home Care and Management
Managing ataxia in cats at home involves making adjustments to create a safe environment. Use non-slip mats on smooth floors, remove obstacles, and provide easy access to litter boxes and feeding areas. Supporting your cat’s mobility with ramps or steps can also help if they struggle with jumping.
Monitoring your cat’s condition closely and keeping up with regular vet visits are crucial for managing symptoms and making necessary adjustments to their care. Good nutrition, hydration, and gentle exercise are also important to support overall health and recovery.
Prognosis and Recovery in Cats with Ataxia
The prognosis for cats with ataxia varies depending on the cause and severity. Some cats may recover fully, especially if the ataxia is due to a treatable condition like an infection or toxin exposure.
Others, particularly those with genetic conditions like cerebellar hypoplasia, may live with permanent balance issues but can still have a good quality of life with proper management. Early diagnosis and treatment improve the chances of recovery, and even if full recovery isn’t possible, many cats adapt well to their condition with supportive care.
Preventing Ataxia in Cats
While not all cases of ataxia can be prevented, there are steps you can take to reduce the risk. Keep toxic substances, including certain plants, chemicals, and medications, safely out of reach of your cat.
Regular veterinary check-ups can help catch potential issues early before they become severe. For cats with a known genetic risk, such as those with a family history of cerebellar hypoplasia, careful breeding and early monitoring can help manage the condition from a young age.
When to See a Veterinarian
If your cat shows signs of ataxia, such as wobbling, head tilting, or abnormal eye movements, it’s important to seek veterinary care right away. Early intervention can make a significant difference, especially if the ataxia is due to a cause that can be treated or managed effectively.
Your vet can guide you through the diagnosis and treatment process, ensuring your cat receives the best possible care to improve their quality of life.
Frequently Asked Questions About Ataxia in Cats
What’s the difference between ataxia and other neurological disorders in cats?
Ataxia specifically affects balance and coordination, whereas other neurological conditions may impact different aspects of a cat’s health, such as their behaviour, sensory perception, or muscle strength. Ataxia mainly affects how a cat moves and maintains balance.
Can ataxia in cats be cured?
Whether ataxia can be cured depends on its cause. Some cases, such as those caused by infections or toxin exposure, may be fully resolved with appropriate treatment. Other causes, like genetic conditions, may not be curable but can be managed to improve your cat’s quality of life.
If your cat's quality of life is suffering due to Ataxia or any other condition, contact our team via 0333 041 8200 or request an appointment.
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